Pay per click

Pay per click is an Internet advertising model used on websites, in where advertisers pay their host only when their ad is clicked. With search engines, advertisers typically bid on keyword phrases relevant to their target market. Content sites commonly charge a fixed price per click.

Cost per click is the amount of money an advertiser pays search engines and other Internet publishers for a single click on its advertisement .
In contrast to the generalized portal, which seeks to drive a high volume of traffic to one site, PPC implements so called affiliate model, that provides purchase opportunities wherever people may be surfing. It does this by offering financial incentives (in the form of a percentage of revenue) to affiliated partner sites. The affiliates provide purchase-point click-through to the merchant. It is a pay-for-performance model—if an affiliate does not generate sales, it represents no cost to the merchant. The affiliate model is inherently well-suited to the web, which explains its popularity. Variations include, banner exchange, pay-per-click, and revenue sharing programs.

Websites that utilize PPC ads will display an advertisement when a keyword query matches an advertiser's keyword list, or when a content site displays relevant content. Such advertisements are called sponsored links or sponsored ads, and appear adjacent to or above organic results on search engine results pages, or anywhere a web developer chooses on a content site.

Although many PPC providers exist, Google AdWords, Yahoo! Search Marketing, and Microsoft adCenter are the three largest network operators, and all three operate under a bid-based model. Cost per click (CPC) varies depending on the search engine and the level of competition for a particular keyword.

The PPC advertising model is open to abuse through click fraud, although Google and others have implemented automated systems to guard against abusive clicks by competitors or corrupt web developers

Women's Fitness

Proper diet and exercise is the only road to lose fat -there are no short- cuts. The key to transforming a skinny, overweight, or average body is proper diet/ exercise techniques

some tips for women to weight loss:



Lifesaver on Weight loss hurdles

We all have days like this when our motivation is low and our need to overeat or be a couch potato takes over. But it's best to bust those excuses before they become a well worn mantra of failure. Cultivating true resilience is a lifelong process.

Emotional Attitude: a factor in Weight loss

It's not that people don't know that exercise is good for them and can improve their self-image. Obese and overweight people, in fact, are even stronger believers in the importance of exercise than those of normal weight, according to a survey of more than 1,500 men and women conducted by researchers at George Washington University Medical Center.

Outcome of YO-YO Dieting

The yo-yo diet is characterized by a cyclical pattern of repetitious loss and gain of body weight. Some of the ways people choose to do this include skipping meals and consuming very few calories. There is increasing evidence that weight cycling may lead to cardiovascular and metabolic disorders such as hypertension and diabetes.

Energy Gap : A Useful Tool For Successful Weight Loss

It is estimated that the energy gap for prevention of weight gain among those who have lost weight is about 100 kcal/day in adults and 100-150 kcal/day in children and adolescents.

Top 10 Reasons You're not Losing Weight

Is your BMI in an unhealthy range? Are you within your ideal weight range? If you're at risk, losing weight may be important for staying healthy. But, if you're very close to your goal and can't seem to get rid of those last few pounds, ask yourself if you really need to lose them. Would it be possible to be happy at your current weight?

SmartLipo: The Latest Fat-Removal and Skin Tightening Procedure

SmartLipo is different in that it uses a carefully calibrated laser to liquefy fat deposits through the top layers of the patient's skin. The laser actually ruptures fat cells, and the resulting oily, liquid substance is then removed through a tiny incision in the skin by the surgeon.

Top 10 high sugar foods to avoid

When you eat food, your body changes the food you eat into sugar and uses the sugar for energy. When you have diabetes, your body is not able to use the sugar for energy. The sugar floats around in your blood. That is why people with diabetes have too much sugar in their blood.

Hydroxycut: to take or not to take

Hydroxycut is a dietary supplement that increases weight loss when used in conjunction with exercise. Hydroxycut is a thermogenic weight loss supplement continuing hydroxycitric acid, L-Carnitine, green tea extract, ma huang (herbal form of Ephedrine), guarana (herbal form of Caffeine), and willow bark (herbal form of Aspirin). These ingredients make an effect stack to suppress appetite and burn off fat.

Top 10 Reasons You're not Losing Weight

Is your BMI in an unhealthy range? Are you within your ideal weight range? If you're at risk, losing weight may be important for staying healthy. But, if you're very close to your goal and can't seem to get rid of those last few pounds, ask yourself if you really need to lose them. Would it be possible to be happy at your current weight?

Sprinting: a great tool in fat loss

Sprinting not only burns HUGE amounts of calories, it also keeps your metabolism flying for days after. Sprinting combined with running / jogging can bring amazing results, especially when combined with a healthy diet!

StomaphyX Procedure: for early satiety and further weight loss

This revolutionary procedure is now available for individuals who have had previous gastric bypass surgery and who are regaining weight. This procedure involves no incisions and no recovery and involves placing an endoscope through the mouth into the stomach pouch. The connection between the stomach pouch and small intestines is then sutured resulting in slower emptying of the stomach and earlier satiety and more weight loss. The procedure also shrinks the stomach pouch and makes it small, similar to the outcome of the original gastric bypass procedure.

Chicago Personal Injury Lawyer

Joseph G. Klest - Highest AV Rated

A study conducted by Allstate Insurance Company states "our analysis to date suggest that attorney involvement creates SIGNIFICANT value for claimants." Since it is not in Allstate's interest for claimants to hire an attorney their analysis is not bias and it suggests that you should hire an attorney to help you. Since this study came out, Allstate has engaged in various practices to try and discourage injured claimants from hiring an attorney.

This is all the more reason that you need a competent attorney to help you with your claim. With offices in Chicago, Schaumburg, and the suburbs of Chicago, personal injury lawyer Joseph Klest has been representing injured clients throughout Illinois and nationally since 1982.

Chicago, Illinois, personal injury attorney, Joseph Klest, has experience trying and negotiating favorable settlements in a variety of personal injury claims. He can handle any claim involving serious personal injury or fatality, including traffic accidents, defective products, medical malpractice, work injuries, sexual assault, and other accidents.We will take your case on a contingency basis. You won't pay attorneys' fees unless you win your case.

Accomplished Chicago, Illinois, Injury Attorney

Joseph Klest earned fame as a personal injury attorney when he was awarded a $1.5 million judgment against a Roman Catholic priest from the Illinois Diocese of Joliet. Please visit the Cases page to learn more about this case and other successes attorney Klest has won on behalf of his clients.

If you have been seriously injured or lost a loved one due to someone else's negligence or due to a defective or dangerous product, accomplished Chicago, Illinois personal injury lawyer Joseph Klest can help you in your quest to obtain the maximum amount of compensation possible.

LASIK

LASIK is the most commonly performed refractive surgery procedure. You may hear people calling it "LASIX," but the name is actually short for "laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis."

Why is it so popular? LASIK has advantages over other procedures, including a relative lack of pain afterward and the fact that good vision is usually achieved by the very next day.

An instrument called a microkeratome is used in LASIK eye surgery to create a thin, circular flap in the cornea. Another, newer way of making the flap is with a laser.

The surgeon folds the flap back out of the way, then removes some corneal tissue underneath using an excimer laser. The excimer laser uses a cool ultraviolet light beam to precisely remove ("ablate") very tiny bits of tissue from the cornea to reshape it.

When the cornea is reshaped in the right way, it works better to focus light into the eye and onto the retina, providing clearer vision than before. The flap is then laid back in place, covering the area where the corneal tissue was removed.

Both nearsighted and farsighted people can benefit from the LASIK procedure. With nearsighted people, the goal is to flatten the too-steep cornea; with farsighted people, a steeper cornea is desired. While this is not widely recognized by consumers, excimer lasers also can correct astigmatism by smoothing an irregular cornea into a more normal shape.

Before the LASIK Procedure

If you are considering LASIK eye surgery, your first step is to choose a good surgeon. [Read our article on how to choose a LASIK surgeon for advice on this subject.

In order to decide whether you're a good candidate for LASIK, your eye doctor will examine your eyes to determine their health, what kind of vision correction you need, and how much laser ablation is required. [See also: What To Expect From an Eye Exam]

Your doctor will also look for signs of dry eye disease, which must be treated and cleared up before LASIK can be performed.

Also, a corneal topographer is usually used; this device photographs your eye and creates a kind of "map" of your cornea. With new wavefront technology associated with custom LASIK, you also are likely to undergo a wavefront analysis that sends light waves through the eye to provide an even more precise map of aberrations affecting your vision. [See also: Wavefront in Eye Exams

Finally, the doctor will find out from you any health problems you have or medications you take. Some health conditions will disqualify you altogether for LASIK, but others may just postpone the procedure until a later date. [For more information on disqualifiers for LASIK, please read LASIK Criteria for Success. Or, for a custom report on whether you are a good candidate for LASIK, please take our two-minute screening test.

Forex

Forex is the market where one currency is traded for another. It is one of the largest markets in the world. Some of the participants in this market seeking to exchange a foreign currency for their own, like multinational corporations which must pay wages and other expenses in different nations than they sell products in. However, a large part of the market is made up of currency traders, who speculate on movements in exchange rates, much like others would speculate on movements of stock prices. Currency traders try to take advantage of even small fluctuations in exchange rates.
In the foreign exchange market there is little or no 'inside information'. Exchange rate fluctuations are usually caused by actual monetary flows as well as anticipations on global macroeconomic conditions. Significant news is released publicly so, at least in theory, everyone in the world receives the same news at the same time.

Market size and liquidity

The foreign exchange market is the largest and most liquid financial market in the world. Traders include large banks, central banks, currency speculators, corporations, governments, and other financial institutions. The average daily volume in the global foreign exchange and related markets is continuously growing. Daily turnover was reported to be over US$3.2 trillion in April 2007 by the Bank for International Settlements. Since then, the market has continued to grow. According to Euromoney's annual FX Poll, volumes grew a further 41% between 2007 and 2008.

Of the $3.98 trillion daily global turnover, trading in London accounted for around $1.36 trillion, or 34.1% of the total, making London by far the global center for foreign exchange. In second and third places respectively, trading in New York accounted for 16.6%, and Tokyo accounted for 6.0%.In addition to "traditional" turnover, $2.1 trillion was traded in derivatives.

Exchange-traded FX futures contracts were introduced in 1972 at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and are actively traded relative to most other futures contracts.

Several other developed countries also permit the trading of FX derivative products (like currency futures and options on currency futures) on their exchanges. All these developed countries already have fully convertible capital accounts. Most emerging countries do not permit FX derivative products on their exchanges in view of prevalent controls on the capital accounts. However, a few select emerging countries (e.g., Korea, South Africa, Indiahave already successfully experimented with the currency futures exchanges, despite having some controls on the capital account.

FX futures volume has grown rapidly in recent years, and accounts for about 7% of the total foreign exchange market volume, according to The Wall Street Journal Europe (5/5/06, p. 20).Foreign exchange trading increased by 38% between April 2005 and April 2006 and has more than doubled since 2001. This is largely due to the growing importance of foreign exchange as an asset class and an increase in fund management assets, particularly of hedge funds and pension funds. The diverse selection of execution venues have made it easier for retail traders to trade in the foreign exchange market. In 2006, retail traders constituted over 2% of the whole FX market volumes with an average daily trade volume of over US$50-60 billion (see retail trading platforms).

Because foreign exchange is an OTC market where brokers/dealers negotiate directly with one another, there is no central exchange or clearing house. The biggest geographic trading centre is the UK, primarily London, which according to IFSL estimates has increased its share of global turnover in traditional transactions from 31.3% in April 2004 to 34.1% in April 2007. Due to London's dominance in the market, a particular currency's quoted price is usually the London market price. For instance, when the IMF calculates the value of its SDRs every day, they use the London market prices at noon that day.

The ten most active traders account for almost 80% of trading volume, according to the 2008 Euromoney FX survey.These large international banks continually provide the market with both bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices. The bid/ask spread is the difference between the price at which a bank or market maker will sell ("ask", or "offer") and the price at which a market taker will buy ("bid") from a wholesale or retail customer. The customer will buy from the market-maker at the higher "ask" price, and will sell at the lower "bid" price, thus giving up the "spread" as the cost of completing the trade. This spread is minimal for actively traded pairs of currencies, usually 0–3 pips. For example, the bid/ask quote of EURUSD might be 1.2200/1.2203 on a retail broker. Minimum trading size for most deals is usually 100,000 units of base currency, which is a standard "lot".

These spreads might not apply to retail customers at banks, which will routinely mark up the difference to say 1.2100/1.2300 for transfers, or say 1.2000/1.2400 for banknotes or travelers' checks. Spot prices at market makers vary, but on EURUSD are usually no more than 3 pips wide (i.e., 0.0003). Competition is greatly increased with larger transactions, and pip spreads shrink on the major pairs to as little as 1 to 2 pips.

Market participants

Unlike a stock market, the foreign exchange market is divided into levels of access. At the top is the inter-bank market, which is made up of the largest commercial banks and securities dealers. Within the inter-bank market, spreads, which are the difference between the bid and ask prices, are razor sharp and usually unavailable, and not known to players outside the inner circle. The difference between the bid and ask prices widens (from 0-1 pip to 1-2 pips for some currencies such as the EUR). This is due to volume. If a trader can guarantee large numbers of transactions for large amounts, they can demand a smaller difference between the bid and ask price, which is referred to as a better spread. The levels of access that make up the foreign exchange market are determined by the size of the "line" (the amount of money with which they are trading). The top-tier inter-bank market accounts for 53% of all transactions. After that there are usually smaller banks, followed by large multi-national corporations (which need to hedge risk and pay employees in different countries), large hedge funds, and even some of the retail FX-metal market makers. According to Galati and Melvin, “Pension funds, insurance companies, mutual funds, and other institutional investors have played an increasingly important role in financial markets in general, and in FX markets in particular, since the early 2000s.” (2004) In addition, he notes, “Hedge funds have grown markedly over the 2001–2004 period in terms of both number and overall size” Central banks also participate in the foreign exchange market to align currencies to their economic needs.

The Gold Exchange and the Bretton Woods Agreement

In 1967 Chicago bank refused Milton Friedman a loan in pound sterling because he had intended to use the funds to short the British currency. Friedman, who had perceived sterling to be priced too high against the dollar, wanted to sell the currency, then later buy it back to repay the bank after the currency declined, thus pocketing a quick profit. The bank’s refusal to grant the loan was due to the Bretton Woods Agreement, established twenty years earlier, which fixed national currencies against the dollar, and set the dollar at a rate of $35 per ounce of gold.

Domain

A domain name is an identification label that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control in the Internet, based on the Domain Name System (DNS).

Domain names are used in various networking contexts and application-specific naming and addressing purposes. They are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the DNS root domain, which is nameless. The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs), including the generic top-level domains (gTLDs), such as the prominent domains com, net and org, and the country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). Below these top-level domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second-level and third-level domain names that are typically open for reservation by end-users that wish to connect local area networks to the Internet, run web sites, or create other publicly accessible Internet resources. The registration of these domain names is usually administered by domain name registrars who sell their services to the public.

Individual Internet host computers use domain names as host identifiers, or hostnames. Hostnames are the leaf labels in the domain name system usually without further subordinate domain name space. Hostnames appear as a component in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for Internet resources such as web sites.

Domain names are also used as simple identification labels to indicate ownership or control of a resource. Such examples are the realm identifiers used in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), the DomainKeys used to verify DNS domains in e-mail systems, and in many other Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs).

An important purpose of domain names is to provide easily recognizable and memorizable names to numerically addressed Internet resources. This abstraction allows any resource (e.g., website) to be moved to a different physical location in the address topology of the network, globally or locally in an intranet. Such a move usually requires changing the IP address of a resource and the corresponding translation of this IP address to and from its domain name.

Domain names are often referred to simply as domains and domain name registrants are frequently referred to as domain owners, although domain name registration with a registrar does not confer any legal ownership of the domain name, only an exclusive right of use.

This article primarily discusses the group of domain names that are offered by domain name registrars for registration by the public. The Domain Name System article discusses the technical facilities and infrastructure of the domain name space and the hostname article deals with specific information about the use of domain names as identifiers of network hosts.

Computer Virus

A virus is simply a computer program that is intentionally written to attach itself to other programs or disk boot sectors and replicate whenever those programs are executed or those infected disks are accessed. Viruses, as purely replicating entities, will not harm your system as long as they are coded properly. Any system damage resulting from a purely replicating virus happens because of bugs in the code that conflict with the system's configuration. In other words, a well-written virus that only contains code to infect programs will not damage your system. Your programs will contain the virus, but no other harm is done. The real damage--the erasing of files, the formatting of hard drives, the scrambling of partition tables, etc.--is caused by intentional destructive code contained within the virus. Generally, the destructive part of a virus is programmed to execute when certain conditions are met, usually a certain date, day, time, or number of infections. An example is the now infamous Michelangelo virus. This virus can run rampant on your computer for months and you won't notice that anything is wrong. That is because even though your hard disk's master boot record is infected with the virus, the destructive code has not yet been executed. The virus is programmed to trigger its destructive code on March 6, Michelangelo's birthday. Therefore, if Michelangelo contained no destructive code, nothing bad would happen to your computer even though it was infected with a virus.
An important thing to remember is that not all virus attacks produce catastrophic results. For example, one of the most common viruses in the world is called Form. I got Form from a floppy disk given to me by a friend who didn't know he had the virus. In fact, I didn't know I had it either until I received a call from a company to whom I mailed my resume using that floppy disk. They called me, not to tell me that I got the job, of course, but rather that my computer had the Form virus. How embarrassing! Apparently, Form had been on my computer for a long time, but its effects were so slight that I never noticed it. The only peculiarity I encountered was a clicking sound that emitted from my PC speaker every time I pressed a key, but this only happened for one day. Later, I learned that Form is programmed to trigger this action on the 18th of every month. Other than that, it doesn't contain any destructive code.
The only other time my system actually became infected was considerably more serious. It happened only a few months ago on the job. I was scanning a large stack of diskettes for viruses when I was distracted by a phone call. After completing the lengthy call I turned my computer off and took a short break. When I returned I booted my computer, forgetting that I had left a diskette in the A drive. I discovered my error when the floppy drive began to spin. At that point I also noticed that the disk was being accessed far too much for a non-system disk. Upon rebooting from the hard drive, I quickly realized my mistake. A virus called Junkie was all over my hard drive. It had infected command.com, as well as my screen reading software and all associated drivers. The Junkie virus was alive in the boot sector of the diskette that I inadvertently left in the drive, and it ran wild when I accidentally tried to boot from it. Junkie is a perfect example of a virus that, if written properly, would not have damaged my system. It contains no destructive code. It simply replicates by infecting .com files. However, not all .com files are structurally accurate. Without getting too technical, .com files are raw binary data read by your computer, and .exe files need to be interpreted first. There are some files, particularly ones used by memory management software, that have .com extensions, but that are actually written more like .exe files. When Junkie infects one of these types of files, it becomes corrupted because it is essentially an .exe file, but Junkie has appended .com-like instructions to it; similar to repairing a can opener with parts from a toaster.
After the near heart attack I had during my battle with the Junkie virus, I began to study the phenomenon very seriously, and since then, though I have run into many viruses on the job, none of them has infected my computer. This is because I now have an effective antivirus strategy in place.